Linked Imagery in Dracula and The Picture of Dorian Gray - Literature Essay Samples

Throughout the Gothic novel Dracula, Stoker uses symbology and imagery to reveal social anxieties and fears of the late Victorian era, for example the use of animalistic description and blood. Wilde, in his own Gothic novel The Picture of Dorian Gray uses imagery to explore the nature of man, especially in relation to sin, pleasure, and influence. These differing uses of somewhat similar devices show how sharply these two novels diverge. While Stoker focuses mainly on the social fears of the time, such as the degradation of man into beast, Wilde intensively explores the psyches of his troubled characters. One of the dominant themes within Dracula is duality, a fear of the double or doppleganger. In Dracula there is a struggle in defining the blurred lines between man and animal, a struggle conveyed through the physical appearance of Count Dracula himself. The character’s introduction is fraught with animal-like descriptions. He is described to have â€Å"moved impulsively†, acting on instinct as an animal would as opposed to conforming to morals that dominated 19th century Britain. The count’s hair curls in its â€Å"own profusion’, he has â€Å"peculiarly sharp white teeth†, and his ears are â€Å"extremely pointed†, like those of a wolf. It is evident that Dracula is an example of the liminal: he is right on the threshold of devolution from man into beast. This hints at the Victorian fear and belief that just as man could evolve (in light of Darwin’s then recently released theories) man could also devolve. Whereas Stoker employs the Gothic motif of the double to divide man and beast, Wilde uses the double to divide body and soul. The most obvious example within the novel is the portrait that Basil has painted, and what it is symbolic of. As Dorian wishes, the painting grows old and records the ill doings of the boy, and he, in turn, receives eternal youth and beauty, thus dividing the body and soul. Dorian can then indulge in the pleasure of his sins and live out his newly found hedonistic lifestyle whilst keeping his bod;, consequently, the portrait alters and begins to show signs of â€Å"cruelty†. This is partly to do with the Victorian ideal of keeping up appearances, that it is better to look good rather than to actually be good. It observed that despite Dorian’s vile character, his immediate influence over others because of his physical beauty is still great. Perhaps Wilde’s use of the double reveals the impracticality of his own homosexual lifestyle, the fact that he would need to hi de his lifestyle and repress homosexual tendencies in order to keep up public appearances. Another prominent, related theme within both novels is that of seduction. Within The Picture of Dorian Gray, imagery of music or musical instruments is used. When Dorian meets Henry for the first time hes described to have a â€Å"low, musical voice†. Sybil is also described as lulling her audience and making them as â€Å"responsive as a violin†: she had â€Å"long drawn music† in her voice. Wilde frequently uses imagery of music in association with seduction, particularly in voices, as a literary allusion to Greek mythology, in particular the Sirens which feature in Homer’s Odyssey. (Sirens were creatures which enticed sailors to their destruction with their irresistibly beautiful singing.) In the former case, Henry is able to seduce Dorian with his influence, which is the irresistible â€Å"singing† that ultimately leads to Dorians destruction. Stoker also makes use of musical imagery, for example during Jonathan’s seduction by the Countâ €™s brides. They have â€Å"such a silvery, musical laugh†: an irresistible vibrato in their voice seduces Jonathan and leads him to wait in anticipation of what’s to come (again, an allusion to the Odyssey). Wilde also offers up the symbology and imagery of flowers of many kinds, all of which carry different sentiments and illustrate different meanings. First, in the beginning of the novel, Lord Henry â€Å"plucked a pink-petalled daisy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦pulling the daisy to bits†, disposed of the flower. This imagery of the destruction of the flower relates to the theme of influence; specifically, it illustrates the effect of Henry’s influence on the premature Dorian, represented as the daisy. The â€Å"pink† colour of the daisy perhaps makes Dorian somewhat more effeminate than the other two men, potentially adding to his natural beauty which could be likened to that of a flower. The narrative also conveys a sense of carelessness on Henry’s part, unaware of the damaging effects of his influence on the young, impressionable Dorian. The flowers within the novel are used frequently in association with Sybil Vane. The â€Å"petals of her lips† are mentioned along with her description of a â€Å"pale rose†. The â€Å"petals of her lips† suggest a delicacy to her character, a fragility; the description of â€Å"pale rose† appears, converting innocence, impressionability and purity. These meanings could foreshadow that Dorian will have a damaging impact on Sybil, just as Henry had a damaging impact on Dorian. The lips could also bring connotations of strong sexual desire, a love based purely on lust, and to a certain degree, Dorian’s narcissistic vanity. Furthermore, the flowers in the novel carry specific symbolic meaning relevant to their positioning. In chapter seven, when Dorian has disposed of Sybil carelessly (much like the Daisy that Henry listlessly tore apart) and is walking through London, many images of flowers appear on his walk, helping the reader interpret what Dorian’s emotions are in relation to the confrontation with Sybil. â€Å"Huge carts filled with nodding liliesâ⠂¬  rumble down the street, â€Å"lilies† being symbolic of hatred in some cases. Also, there are boys carrying crates of â€Å"striped tulips† which convey love. And finally, the boys are carrying â€Å"yellow and red roses† as well, the former carrying meaning of a broken heart and apology. Other symbols relate to the events of Wilde and Stokers era. During the nineteenth century, medical science was making progress, perhaps one of the most important developments during that time. The scientists invented a new science based on blood which was, according to them, connected to racial and sexual issues. For the Victorians, an exchange of blood was symbolic of an exchange of seminal fluid, making blood highly sexualized. Indeed, Stoker uses blood as imagery for sexual encounters and loss of innocence and virginity. In chapter seven, when Lucy is first bitten by the Count, Mina arrives to find that â€Å"on the band of her nightdress was a drop of blood†. We know that the exchange of blood is a sexual act, and the drop of blood on the â€Å"white† nightdress is symbolic of a deflowering of the demure Lucy, a loss of her virginity. Following this, Lucy continues to fall very ill and once again blood is symbolically important, this time in the form of several tra nsfusions. Van Helsing states that she will â€Å"die for sheer want of blood†: with the connotations of blood already explained, this conveys a certain sexual appetite, which will quickly be quenched with continuous transfusions from three men. In effect, Lucy is quenching a sexual hunger by having bodily transactions of blood and thus having sexual relations with many men. This provokes the Victorian fear of female sexuality, which contradicts the widely accepted belief that women were meant to be passive during intercourse and not enjoy sexual pleasure of any kind. One final symbol that both Gothic novels use is that of the book in relation to the theme of forbidden knowledge. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Henry gives Dorian a mysterious â€Å"yellow book† to read, undoubtedly linked to his beliefs and ideals in line with new hedonism. The â€Å"yellow book† is self-evidently the strange and perverse French novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans, Against Nature (1884), a novel based around French decadence. This yellow book is the symbol of forbidden knowledge for Dorian, containing the theories of new hedonism that will ultimately lead to Dorian’s demise. Much like in The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dracula also contains a book of forbidden knowledge. It is the journal kept by Harker (chapters 1-4). Harker gives Mina the book, since he has forgotten all that had happened to him since his brain fever, and asks her to â€Å"share [his] ignorance† and not read it but instead keep it safe. In a departure from The Picture of Dorian G ray, the discovery of the knowledge of vampires (when Mina eventually reads the diary) is very beneficial, a means of preventing a downfall. Both of these forms of forbidden knowledge are underpinned by the theories of Sigmund Freud, who argued that once you transgress and gain forbidden knowledge you cant ever return to the state you were in before that discovery, that you simply cant forget. This is true in both The Picture of Dorian Gray and Dracula and calls to mind the story of Genesis. After Adam and Eve ate from the tree of knowledge, they could never return to the purely blissful and ignorant state they were in before, and so neither can the characters from Dracula or Dorian Gray.

Financial Aid Need or Merit - 890 Words

It is a universal fact that college is not a cheap investment, and acquiring aid to help with the cost can be hard to come by. Due to the recent drop in the economy, it is almost necessary to have a college degree to get a job. The rising cost and necessity of a college education has raised a debate on the eligibility of financial aid and who exactly should obtain the aid. The main focus in the financial aid debate is whether or not aid should be based on merit or need. A simple way to put this is should the student from lower income families receive aid because money is tight, or should students with the best grades get money for working hard and gaining high grade point averages? When both sides are examined,†¦show more content†¦It is easy to expect the government to hand you something but not have to work for it (â€Å"Government Run Financial† 1). In the past few years, need-based aid has become a more popular option explored by colleges due to the recent fall in the economy. Current research shows that the majority of financial aid has begun leaning towards merit-based aid; this has begun to take some money away from those students who financially need it. Also, merit-aid is commonly offered to student with higher family incomes because of their grade point averages and extracurricular records throughout high school (Marcus 1). Without a large sum of money set aside for need-based aid, many students may not be able to attend college. Mark Kantrowitz, the publisher of Fastweb.com and Finaid.com, says â€Å"The most effective use of college grant money is need-based aid. It helps those with the most to gain, and it makes our society stronger in the process.† College may be a difficult goal to accomplish for small income families, but if the students are willing to work hard before college this should not be hard (Should More College 1). It has been proven that low income students are less likely to even apply or attend a four year col lege. In a recent study around 54% of lower income students attended a four year college, while 84% of upper and middle class students were enrolled (â€Å"Should More College† 1). Not only did the lower class student not have the funds to attend college, but their grades wereShow MoreRelatedStudent Financial Aid For Students950 Words   |  4 Pages1940s, Student financial aid began to play a significant role in prompting student access, persistence and completion rate of American Higher Education. Since students can be regarded as the output of the education, student financial aid also contributes to the social mobility and the improvement of economics. Federal government, state governments and institutions jointly provide the funding to certain groups of students. 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Additionally, colleges receive ranking based on the credentials and success of their students, which only enhances their financial success. The following is a proactive public relations strategy designed to generate increased applications by higher academic achievers whereby increasing higher academic achievers admissions. Recruiting students can only be accomplished by attractingRead MoreSolving The Student Debt Crisis Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthe immense amount of student debt lenders should be required to forgive student loans in cases where students are unable to repay their debts,decrease cost of attendance,and increase scholarship opportunities from universities and implement more merit based sholarships.Doing so would benefit the growth of the economy by increasing the job market,housing market and would help businesses grow. Read MoreStudent Debt Crisis And Its Effects On The Economy1586 Words   |  7 PagesIn order for students to pay it back, they are in some instances forced to mortgage their house,cars, and other property.Because of this, the government should consider forgiving people s student loans if they are unable to pay the debt due to financial reason.Doing so would improve the economy as housing markets would start to increase instead of declining.Student debt affects the market for homeownership, which has since declined from 43.3 percent in 2005 to 34.6 percent in 2015 this according

Salinger s The Catcher And Frankenstein - 2040 Words

There is a saying that is commonplace when talking about law and justice: let the punishment fit the crime. There is a large variety of punishments for crimes today, ranging from minor jail time and fines, to water and sound torture and even death. However, isolation is perhaps the most impactful punishment used by law enforcement today. While most punishments affect either one’s physical health or one’s mental health, isolation has the ability to affect both substantially if one is sufficiently exposed to it. This can be seen in The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, through the ordeals of Holden Caulfield, and Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, through the trials of Victor Frankenstein and his monster. Complete isolation†¦show more content†¦In the same way, Victor Frankenstein feels very grief-stricken after learning of the events that led to the death of Justine. In reflection, he states, â€Å"I shunned the face of man; all sound of joy or complacency was torture to me; solitude was my only consolation – deep, dark, deathlike solitude.† The loss of Justine, who was a very close family friend, combined with the isolation from his family that he had been experiencing up to this point, produces a great deal of distress in Victor. Sadness can come upon a person in many ways: swiftly, gradually, or even immediately. Nevertheless, sadness always takes a toll on one’s mental health and without the unity and resolve of friends and family, it is very hard to overcome those negative effects on one’s own strength. In the same way that isolation can introduce sorrowfulness, it can also establish a sense of despair. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden attempts to break free from his isolation by going on a date with his previous girlfriend, Sally Hayes. Yet his hurtful words conclusively chase Sally away. During the date, Holden says, â€Å"’Look,’ I said. ‘Here’s my idea. How w ould you like to get the hell out of here?’†. Holden’s plea to Sally represents a desperate, yet fruitless effort to escape his loneliness and isolation but her reluctance to listen to what he has to say does the opposite for Holden. In Shelley’s book, the discovery of the

802.11b Essay Example For Students

802.11b Essay In todays fast paced, connection oriented, streaming digital world of information exchange, networking has become one of the highest priorities among the information markets requirements. However, the current standards in networking are becoming nigh on obsolete. The most commonly used standards in a networking situation have been in use for several years, and in the information technology field, that is rapidly approaching the venerable stage. Recently however, new standards have began to show. These standards do not redefine the older networking standards, but instead create a whole new set of rules. These new rules apply to the newest networking creation, the wireless network. The wireless network is now on the verge of becoming the base standard for all networks. With the lowering of costs to inplement and maintain a wireless network, older cable-based networks may begin to disappear. The IEEE has released two new standards for networking, both of which apply to wireless networking. IEEE 802.11b, also called WI-FI, is the low cost and easily setup alternative to older cable based networks. It uses a low cost, low maintence equipment to maintain a network running at approximately 4.3 Mbps. The rated speed of a network ran using the Wi-Fi standards is 11 Mbps. Installation of a 802.11b card and implementation of the network can take as little as 30 mintues to complete. The drivers for the hardware come pre-installed in a Windows XP environment. The actual networking cards come in three types, depending on the hardware situation that a network has. PC cards for a Wi-Fi network range in price from $80-120 while PCI cards range from $120-$140 dollars.

Jane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte Essays (1515 words) -

Jane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre would have only found bad, she now also finds good. Also, du The novel, Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte is a thought provoking book that deals with the heroine, Jane, trying to break free of the social orders of the nineteenth century, in order to free herself from the restraints of the "class" system of the time and to free her heart from her inner self. In order to express this theme, Bronte creates five places that represent the emotion of her heart: Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield, Moor End and Ferndean. By creating these five settings, Bronte leads us on a Journey, with Jane narrating, away from the concrete situation into a world of symbolism. On this journey Bronte uses Jane to show the proper relationship between private feelings and moral order. Her struggle with this relationship is a searching process from depth to even deeper depth in her own heart to reveal the nature of her ultimate self (Weekes, 77). In order to finally win this struggle, she has to break through the social restraints so that her buries heart can flower. The first setting of Jane's heart that the reader comes to know is Gateshead. This place is the estate of Jane's Aunt Reed, a lady who resents Jane because she has to take care of her. Also, residing with Jane at the estate are her three very indulged cousins, who pick on Jane even, resulting in physical violence: "She lay reclined on a sofa by the fireside, and with her darlings about her (for the time neither quarrelling nor crying) looked perfectly happy. Me, she had dispensed from the group" (Bronte, 1). This quote shows how unfair and unhappy daily life was for Jane. Even the setting outside the house reflected the mood: "The cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so somber, and a rain so penetrating ..." (Bronte, 1). The cold represents the frozen heartedness of the Reeds' and the wind represents the torrent of emotions within the household (Weekes, 8). This reflection of the weather shows how throughout the book, the settings symbolize Jane's predicaments. A devastating part of her stay at Gateshead was when she was locked in the "Red Room" for defending herself against an attack from he cousin, John. This room was all red, and was supposedly haunted by the ghost of Mr. Reed. Jane entered this room a quiet, placid girl, but she exited a defiant girl. As a result of this defiance, Mrs. Reed got the excuse she was looking for to send her away, so Jane was sent to live at Lowood. At Lowood, a corrupt Orphan home, the setting of injustice that was seen at Gateshead takes place again, but this time it is intensified with starvation, disease and humiliation. Ironically, even though this new "home" was worse than the old one, this is the time when Jane's heart starts its slow process of thawing out. At this school, Jane was finally a part of a community, and one person in particular in this community who helped change her life was Helen Burns (Weekes, 79): "While disease had thus become an inhabitant of Lowood, and death its frequent visitor; while there was gloom and fear within its walls; while its rooms and passages steamed with hospital smells ... that bright May shone unclouded over the bold hills and beautiful woodland out of doors" (Bronte, 69). This quote shows how Jane's heart is starting to flower. In a situation where once she ring this time another change began to develop within Jane's soul. She began to develop an inner-conscience and a faith connected to God. This house is also the place where a very important factor comes into play. Jane learns to paint. Painting is one of the main symbols of Jane trying to break free from restraint (Weekes, 79). Her paintings, which were usually dark, show us that Jane's psyche is still bleak and very much concerned with somber thoughts. This image, on first look, leads us to believe that her heart is not free, but on closer analysis we see that in order to express herself in this way, her heart must be opening up enough to let emotion come through. The next setting that the reader finds Jane in is Thornfield Hall. Thornfield Hall is not necessarily as much a metaphor for Jane's heart as it is for Edward Rochester's heart. It is a representation for the tropical half-life that he tried to escape, but

Medias Coverage of the 2004 Election essays

Medias Coverage of the 2004 Election essays Medias Coverage of the 2004 Election Overall, I believe that the medias coverage of the 2004 presidential election was pretty fair. The biases on both sides ended up balancing each other out. If one candidate received more bashing than the other, it was the incumbent, George W. Bush. The most influential of the bashing being the film, Fahrenheit 9/11, written and produced by Michael Moore, who has become a big figure of the liberal media. There were also numerous books, such as Toby Rogers Ambushed and others of similar such titles, that criticized the Bush administration for misleading the nation into war and falsely assuming that there was a connection existing between Iraq and Al Qaeda, when it turns out there wasnt one. There was also an attempt by Dan Rather to deceive the American people into believing that bush not only dodged Vietnam but also lied on his resume. The presidential candidate John Kerry also received heavy criticism. A comical website (Jibjab.com) portrayed Kerry continuously flaunting his three pu rple hearts won during his service in Vietnam in attempt to show that his campaign and the media has only focused on his military background and avoided discussion about his stances on issues, which a lot of citizens, regardless of their party, had questions about. Fox news and other right wing sources ripped Kerry for at first voting for the war, then deciding not to support the troops and not fund them the $287 Billion they needed. A lot of networks then portrayed Kerry as a flip-flopper who was indecisive and also on both sides of every issue. Michael Moores Fahrenheit 911 was a deliberate attempt to sway peoples votes away from George W. Bush. In his movie, he portrays Bush as a dim-witted leader whose only concern is the well being of the businesses of his family and friends. The opening scene of Moores film s ...

Blame For Ww1 Essay Research Paper The

Blame For Ww1 Essay, Research Paper The incrimination of get downing World War One is an issue that until today is still non resolved. Many historiographers every bit good as committees tried to happen the state or individual responsible for the war but their findings are really different. This issue is unresolved because no one individual, event or state is to the full responsible for the eruption of war ; it was the actions and fortunes that existed before the war, between the states that fought, that triggered the beginning of World War One. Sidney Bradshaw Fay was one of the people who wrote about the guilty party of the First World War. Fay states that none of the European states wanted war nevertheless in each of the states, political and military leaders did certain things that lead to the declarations of war and the mobilisation of military personnels. These leaders besides failed to detain the oncoming of war. Harmonizing to Fay each state was, to some grade, guilty of the war. Fay wrote that Austria was more responsible for the immediate cause of the war than any other state. He writes that Austria was moving in self-defence against the gnawing Serbian and Jugoslav agitation which her leaders believed threaded he being. Besides after the shot of the archduke, Count leopard von Berchtold, the Austrian foreign curate hastily declared war against Serbia in order to prevent all attempts at mediation. He even refused the advice of his Alliess to come to an understanding with Russia, on the footing of a military business of Belgrade as a pledge that Serbia would transport out the promises in her answer to the ultimatum. Fay wrote in Origins of the World War that Serbia was partly responsible for the eruption of war. Like any other state in the 19th century they wanted to be liberated from foreign regulation. When Serbia looked for aid from Russia the two states became Alliess. Therefore after the shot of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, Mr. Pashitch the Prime Minister of Serbia took no stairss to detect who committed the blackwash. When Austria asked Serbia to assist them happen the individuals responsible for the offense, Serbia refused. He besides wrote that it turns out that Mr. Pashitch was cognizant of the secret plan to kill the Archduke three hebdomads before it occurred but did nil to halt the bravos from traversing the lodger. Serbia s guilt lies in the fact that notwithstanding the information the Prime Minister had nil was done to forestall the program from being completed. Germany excessively was in portion responsible for war. Harmonizing to Fay Germany largely tried to forestall the eruption of war nevertheless, Germany s geographical place lead to their demand to protect themselves. Germany is between Russia and France where Germans felt really threatened. They felt that they should protect themselves since Russia was likely to step in in the Balkan Problem and that England would non remain impersonal but ally itself with France. Harmonizing to Fay German mobilisation was an act of self-defense and Germany did non at all want war. Fay continued to compose that Russia besides was partially responsible for the Austro-Serbian struggle because it often encouraged Belgrade ; Serbian national integrity would be achieved with Russian aid at Austrian disbursal. Because of this encouragement Serbia thought she could acquire assist from Russia in instance of war with Austria. Otherwise Serbia would hold non done so many things that threatened peace. However Russia was non every bit ready as she appeared, she was still retrieving from the Russo-Japanese war and was non ready for a European battle with Teutonic Powers, said Fay. Due to their unprepared state of affairs, Russia put restraints on Serbia. But in the spring of 1914, Russia felt they reigned much of what they lost in the Russ-Japanese war and were ready to contend Europe, which make Serbia confident in her actions sing the blackwash of the Archduke. Harmonizing to Fay the portion that France played in the induction of the war is less clear, because France has non made a full publication of their paperss. However during the President Maurice Paleogue s visit to Russia it is clear that he told the Tsar that France would back Russia, as an ally in forestalling Austria for mortifying or powderizing Serbia. The president was really supportive and did non seek to keep Russia from military steps which he knew would name forth German counter-measures and cause war, wrote Fay. Therefore the Russian Gallic confederation would do France to take some of the incrimination of the First World War, because of the Gallic support of Russia. Harmonizing to Fay, the mistake of Great Britain in forestalling the World War was because Sir Edward Grey did non make one of two things, which coul vitamin D have prevented war. Fay wrote If early in the crisis, he had acceded to the goad of France and Russia and given a strong warning to Germany that, in a European War, England would take the side of the Franco-Russian Alliance, this would hold led Bethmann to exercise an earlier and more effectual force per unit area on Austria. If this had merely been known, the war could hold been prevented because, as Fay thinks, Austria would hold non declared war on Serbia. Fay besides wrote that if Sir Edward Grey had listened to German goad, and warned Russia and France before in the crisis, war could hold been prevented if England stated that they would stay impersonal. England s nonpartizan mentality would hold made Russia hesitate with her mobilisation and France would hold put force per unit area on St. Petersburg to hold peace negotiations alternatively of traveling to war. The Commission on War Guilt was came up with it s ain guilty party on the cause the First World War. Harmonizing to the Commission the chiefly duty remainders foremost on Germany, secondly on Turkey and Bulgaria. The duty is made all the graving tool by ground of the misdemeanor by Germany and Austria of the neutrality of Belgium and Luxembourg, which they themselves had guaranteed. The first ground that Germany and Austria-Hungary are at mistake, harmonizing to the committee, is the empathic ultimatum with a really short clip bound they sent to Belgrade. They expected Serbia to non accept the ultimatum giving them grounds to pay war on Serbia. In order to keep peace Serbia s Alliess urged the state to hold to the demands. They yielded. But Germany mobilized before they received Serbia s understanding to the ultimatum. The Commission besides wrote that they Entente Powers tried to happen a peaceable solution of the difference. On July 25, Sir Edward Grey proposed mediation but Germany refused saying that this war was an issue or arbitration non of mediation. The undermentioned twenty-four hours Russia tried to negociate straight with Austria but the offer was refused. The twenty-four hours after that England wanted to keep a European conference but Germany refused. The Commission fundamentally regards Germany and Austria as the chief grounds that the war broke out and was non controlled. Bernadotte E. Schmitt besides wrote about the cause of the First World War. He wrote that many of the factors that lead to the war happened many old ages before, in the bend of the century. For illustration the October Crisis and so some old ages subsequently the Balkan Wars in 1912-13. Harmonizing to Schmitt, Germany was at mistake because they felt that they could win the war on the premise that England would stay impersonal ; but England did fall in the ground forces on the opposing side. Germany besides thought that war was a good agencies of covering with the threat of socialism, which seemed to be steadily increasing, wrote Schmitt. He besides wrote that without Germany being portion of the confederation system the war would hold neer broke out. Austria-Hungary was at mistake for making the untimatum. They could hold predicted that Serbia would accept about anything to forestall war. However even though Austria go the ultimatum they broke off diplomatic dealingss and declared war on Serbia on July 28. Russia s duty lies in the fact that they supported Serbia in military power. Even though Russia was still seeking to retrieve from the Russo-Japanese war, they were willing to assist Serbia in a war against Germany. Their chief ground for making this was to guarantee that Russia could still utilize Serbia as entree to the Mediterranean they needed for trade and military intents. Each of these three positions on the war guilt have valid points, nevertheless this means that no one state is personally responsible for the war. The shot of the Archduke, although believed to be the chief ground for war, was merely a little part of the cause. If the Archduke was non changeable some other small thing would hold brought out the mounting tenseness felt by they European states. It is besides non just ot say that chiefly Germany and Austria were at mistake. The other states tried to hold peace negotiations, nevertheless nowhere is it written what each state s grounds were for holding these negotiations. Possibly their dockets were non as clear or good as they appeared on the surface. The confederation system was one of the chief grounds for the war. In a state of affairs where every state must be loyal to another in instance of a war, no 1 remains impersonal to intercede in the war. Had the system non existed any war that potentially broke out between Austria and Serbia could hold been stopped or slowed by impersonal states but since none of the great powers of Europe were non in an confederation no 1 was left to do any attempt in halting the war.